To aid the National Science Foundation respond to a congressional request to identify pending scientific and technological needs, selected facets of science and technology are discussed as they relate to the scientific disciplines, and as they affect national concerns. Seventeencategories are addressed in 5 major areas: major human diseases and directions in nutrition research are addressed under the human resources area. Natural resources and the environment includes discussion of plant disease and water resources. Research frontiers include new areas of study such as macromolecular science and the chemical synthesis ofnew materials. New technological prospects are assessed under the area of new technologies. Research systems cover the broad scope of industrial and other research in Europe and the US. Authoritative US scientists and engineers prepared the wide variety of science and technology topics presented. (wz).