On January 27, 2004, the President signed an Executive Order creating a Presidential Commission "to obtain recommendations concerning implementation of the new vision for space exploration activities of the United States." The Commission was chartered to make recommendations to the President on the following:   Science research agenda to be conducted on the Moon and other destinations as well as human and robotic science activities that advance our capacity to achieve the policy; The exploration of technologies, demonstrations, and strategies, including the use of lunar and other in situ natural resources, that could be used for sustainable human robotic exploration; Criteria that could be used to select future destinations for human exploration; Long-term organization options for managing implementation of space exploration activities; The most appropriate and effective roles for potential private-sector and international participants in implementing the policy; Methods for optimizing space exploration activities to encourage the interest of America's youth in studying and pursuing careers in mathematics, science, and engineering; and Management of the implementation of the policy within available resources   The nine Commissioners appointed by President come from industry, government service, academia, and the military.  Collectively, they experience in space operations, technology, space science, and senior federal government management.  The Commission conducted extensive public outreach, as described in the chairman's transmittal letter and in several appendices to this report.  This report represents the consensus recommendations of all nine Commissioners.