The role of proprietorships or ́private ́ colonies in imperial development has not received the attention it deserves, notwithstanding recent scholarly emphasis on ́state-building ́. The continued use of these ́private ́ devices, even as early modern European nation-states grew more potent, is not only interesting, but is indeed normative though invariably missing from modern studies of empire. This collection provides in-depth analyses of the workings of the proprietorships themselves (rather than proprietary colonies) and in studies ranging from South Carolina to Nieuw Nederland to French West Africa to Brasil, broadens this discussion beyond British North America. Contributors include: Micka©±l Augeron, Kenneth Banks, Sarah Barber, Philip Boucher, Olivier Caporossi, Leslie Choquette, David Dewar, Jaap Jacobs, Maxine N. Lurie, Debra A. Meyers, L.H. Roper, James O ́Neil Spady, Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, C©♭cile Vidal, and Laurent Vidal.