Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969)

Published in 1929, this historical novel is set in Venezuela. It centers on two protagonists, Doña Bárbara and Santos Luzardo, with a large cast of supporting characters. Santos returns from abroad to his run his father’s ranch, Altamira, when he realizes it is controlled by a wealthy, manipulative local landowner, Doña Bárbara. She lives on the neighboring ranch, El Miedo (The Fear). She has had a tumultuous relationship with Lorenzo Barquero, and they have a daughter, Marisela. After spurning both Lorenzo and Marisela, she sets her sights on Santos.

The main theme of this novel is the coming of modern ways to the llanos (plains). The old ways are maintained by Doña Bárbara, and she attempts to take over the land and cattle that belong to Santos. This is a time before fencing of the land, so cattle were routinely “re-branded” and claimed by others. There are many local superstitions. The local people think Doña Bárbara is a sorceress.

I read the English translation by Robert Malloy. It beautifully describes the Venezuelan landscape, including the plains, jungles, rivers, and mountains, each with distinctive flora, fauna, climate, and customs. It is an inhospitable region. This book is similar to an old-fashioned US “western,” but with more poetic writing and set on the Venezuelan plains. It is an allegorical novel, and it will not be difficult to spot the symbolism. The characters are a bit thin, but it is definitely worth reading for its historical significance, especially if you are interested in world literature.
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