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André Gide (1869–1951)

Autor von Der Immoralist

269+ Werke 14,896 Mitglieder 185 Rezensionen Lieblingsautor von 43 Lesern

Über den Autor

Gide, the reflective rebel against bourgeois morality and one of the most important and controversial figures in modern European literature, published his first book anonymously at the age of 18. Gide was born in Paris, the only child of a law professor and a strict Calvinist mother. As a young mehr anzeigen man, he was an ardent member of the symbolist group, but the style of his later work is more in the tradition of classicism. Much of his work is autobiographical, and the story of his youth and early adult years and the discovery of his own sexual tendencies is related in Si le grain ne meurt (If it die . . .) (1926). Corydon (1923) deals with the question of homosexuality openly. Gide's reflections on life and literature are contained in his Journals (1954), which span the years 1889--1949. He was a founder of the influential Nouvelle Revue Francaise, in which the works of many prominent modern European authors appeared, and he remained a director until 1941. He resigned when the journal passed into the hands of the collaborationists. Gide's sympathies with communism prompted him to travel to Russia, where he found the realities of Soviet life less attractive than he had imagined. His accounts of his disillusionment were published as Return from the U.S.S.R. (1937) and Afterthoughts from the U.S.S.R. (1938). Always preoccupied with freedom, a champion of the oppressed and a skeptic, he remained an incredibly youthful spirit. Gide himself classified his fiction into three categories: satirical tales with elements of farce like Les Caves du Vatican (Lafcadio's Adventures) (1914), which he termed soties; ironic stories narrated in the first person like The Immoralist (1902) and Strait Is the Gate (1909), which he called recits; and a more complex narrative related from a multifaceted point of view, which he called a roman (novel). The only example of the last category that he published was The Counterfeiters (1926). Throughout his career, Gide maintained an extensive correspondence with such noted figures as Valery, Claudel, Rilke, and others. In 1947, he received the Nobel Prize for Literature. (Bowker Author Biography) weniger anzeigen

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Werke von André Gide

Der Immoralist (1902) 3,324 Exemplare
Die Falschmünzer (1925) 1,388 Exemplare
Die Verliese des Vatikan (1914) 1,369 Exemplare
Die enge Pforte: Roman (1924) 1,365 Exemplare
Die Pastoralsymphonie (1919) 1,067 Exemplare
Die Falschmünzer / Tagebuch der Falschmünzer: Roman (1925) — Autor — 856 Exemplare
Stirb und Werde (1920) — Autor — 513 Exemplare
Uns naerht die Erde Uns naehrt die Hoffnung (1897) — Autor — 460 Exemplare
Two Symphonies (1911) — Autor — 295 Exemplare
Marshlands (1895) — Autor — 211 Exemplare
Tagebücher (1956) 179 Exemplare
Isabelle. Erzählungen (1911) — Autor — 163 Exemplare
Kongo und Tschad (Bibliothek verbrannter Bücher) (1927) — Autor — 154 Exemplare
Dostojewski. Aufsätze und Vorträge. (1923) — Autor — 124 Exemplare
Madeleine (1947) — Autor — 111 Exemplare
Theseus (1931) — Autor — 107 Exemplare
L' Ecole des femmes (1929) — Autor — 106 Exemplare
The journals of André Gide. Vol 1/2 : 1889-1924 (1948) — Autor — 101 Exemplare
In memoriam Oscar Wilde (1910) — Autor — 97 Exemplare
Theseus (1946) — Autor — 93 Exemplare
Urien's voyage (1893) — Autor — 85 Exemplare
Die Schule der Frauen (1929) — Autor — 73 Exemplare
Amyntas: North African Journals (1906) — Autor — 71 Exemplare
Tagebuch 1939-1949. (1954) — Autor — 63 Exemplare
Der schlechtgefesselte Prometheus (1899) — Autor — 59 Exemplare
Retour de l'U.R.S.S (1936) — Autor — 57 Exemplare
Gide. Anthologie de la poésie française (La Pléiade) (1949) — Herausgeber; Vorwort, einige Ausgaben57 Exemplare
Journal of the Counterfeiters (1927) — Autor — 53 Exemplare
Voyage au Congo (1927) — Autor — 52 Exemplare
Die Rückkehr des verlorenen Sohnes (1907) — Autor — 51 Exemplare
Notes on Chopin (1931) — Autor — 51 Exemplare
The living thoughts of Montaigne (1929) — Autor — 48 Exemplare
Strait is the Gate / The Vatican Cellars (1909) — Autor — 48 Exemplare
Andre Gide aus den Tagebüchern - 1889 - 1939 (1939) — Autor — 47 Exemplare
The Trial (1948) — Autor — 45 Exemplare
Imaginary Interviews (1941) — Autor — 45 Exemplare
Pretexts; reflections on literature and morality (1903) — Autor — 44 Exemplare
Notebooks of Andre Walter (1891) — Autor — 42 Exemplare
Autumn Leaves (1949) — Autor — 41 Exemplare
So be it; or, The chips are down (1946) — Autor — 38 Exemplare
Schwurgericht : Drei Bücher vom Verbrechen (1914) — Autor — 37 Exemplare
The White Notebook (1964) 32 Exemplare
Marshlands and Prometheus Misbound (1953) — Autor — 27 Exemplare
Diario (1999) 26 Exemplare
Die Ringeltaube (1907) — Autor — 22 Exemplare
The confined woman of Poitiers (1930) 17 Exemplare
La sequestree de poitiers / l'affaire redureau (1930) — Autor — 17 Exemplare
The Andre Gide reader (1971) 17 Exemplare
Saül : Drame en cinq actes (1903) — Autor — 17 Exemplare
Les nouvelles nourritures (1936) — Autor — 15 Exemplare
Gide : Oedipe - Cocteau : La machine infernale (1968) — Autor — 15 Exemplare
Gide. Souvenirs et voyages (La Pléiade) (2001) — Autor — 14 Exemplare
Il caso Redureau (1930) — Autor — 13 Exemplare
Journal, 1939-1942 (1942) — Autor — 13 Exemplare
Judge not (1914) — Autor — 13 Exemplare
Sämtliche Erzählungen (1965) 11 Exemplare
Briefwechsel 1890 - 1942 (1955) — Autor — 11 Exemplare
LA GUIRLANDE DES ANNES (1941) — Autor — 10 Exemplare
Théâtre (1901) 10 Exemplare
Retouches à mon Retour de l'U.R.S.S (1937) — Autor — 9 Exemplare
De l'influence en littérature (1900) — Autor — 8 Exemplare
Incidences (1924) — Autor — 8 Exemplare
Robert (1930) — Autor — 7 Exemplare
Gide : Essais critiques (1999) — Autor — 7 Exemplare
Oedipe (1930) — Autor — 7 Exemplare
Journal, 1942-1949 (1950) — Autor — 6 Exemplare
Romanzi 6 Exemplare
Le grincheux (2001) 5 Exemplare
Geneviève (1936) — Autor — 5 Exemplare
My theater. Five plays and an essay (1934) — Autor — 5 Exemplare
Pages choisies (1954) — Autor — 4 Exemplare
Diario 1887-1910 (2021) 4 Exemplare
Kitsas uks ; Valerahategijad ; Theseus (1909) — Autor — 4 Exemplare
Pages de journal (1929-1932) (1934) — Autor — 4 Exemplare
Paludi-I nutrimenti terrestri (1895) — Autor — 3 Exemplare
Opere 3 Exemplare
Poussin (2010) 3 Exemplare
Gertrude 3 Exemplare
Roman und lyrische Prosa (1973) 3 Exemplare
El Hadj (1897) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Diario 1926-1935 (2022) 2 Exemplare
André Gide, Léon Blum. Correspondance, 1890-1950 (2008) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Diario 1936-1950 (2022) 2 Exemplare
André Gide, Christian Beck. Correspondance (1994) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Coffret Gide Journal 2v (2022) 2 Exemplare
Diario 1911-1915 (2021) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Günlük (1997) 2 Exemplare
Deux interviews imaginaires suivis de feuillets (1947) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Erzählungen 2 Exemplare
Fatti di Cronaca (1994) 2 Exemplare
PAGES DE JOURNAL 1939 - 1941 (1944) 2 Exemplare
Perséphone (1949) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Découvrons Henri Michaux (1941) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Le roi Candaule (1901) — Autor — 2 Exemplare
Gide André 2 Exemplare
Numquid et tu? 2 Exemplare
Incontri e pretesti 2 Exemplare
Tagebcher — Autor — 1 Exemplar
Dziennik (1992) 1 Exemplar
Recits, Roman, Soties (1948) 1 Exemplar
Attendu que 1 Exemplar
Obras Escogidas 1 Exemplar
Diarios 1911-1925 1 Exemplar
Philoctète et Thésée (1898) — Autor — 1 Exemplar
Prem Aur Prakash 1 Exemplar
Self portraits 1 Exemplar
Journal: 1889-1939 1 Exemplar
Storia di Pierrette (2010) 1 Exemplar
Eloges 1 Exemplar
Rencontres 1 Exemplar
Le Retour 1 Exemplar
Jeunesse 1 Exemplar
Se il grano non muore: 1 (2017) 1 Exemplar
LES DEMI-DIEUX: Poussin (1945) 1 Exemplar
Bathseba ; dramatisches Gedicht in drei Monologen (1908) — Autor — 1 Exemplar
Poesie 1 Exemplar
Rencontres 1 Exemplar
Pântanos 1 Exemplar
De nieuwe spijzen 1 Exemplar
Povodi i odjeci (1926) 1 Exemplar
Le Treizième Arbre (1935) — Autor — 1 Exemplar
Le Traité du Narcisse (1892) 1 Exemplar
Dindiki. 1 Exemplar
Hyrden 1 Exemplar
La Comtesse (1999) 1 Exemplar
Correspondance avec sa mère, 1880-1895 (1988) — Autor — 1 Exemplar
The Counterfeiters [extracts] (1925) — Autor — 1 Exemplar
Trozos Escogidos (1921) 1 Exemplar
MORCEAUX CHOISIS. (1921) 1 Exemplar

Zugehörige Werke

Die privaten Memoiren und Bekenntnisse eines gerechtfertigten Sünders (1824) — Nachwort, einige Ausgaben2,390 Exemplare
Nachtflug (1930) — Vorwort, einige Ausgaben1,994 Exemplare
Barabbas (1944) — Letter, einige Ausgaben1,399 Exemplare
Gitanjali (1910) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben1,290 Exemplare
Taifun (1902) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben818 Exemplare
The Assassin's Cloak: An Anthology of the World's Greatest Diarists (2000) — Mitwirkender, einige Ausgaben550 Exemplare
Essais 1-3.: 3 Bde. (1580) — Vorwort, einige Ausgaben529 Exemplare
French Stories (1960) — Mitwirkender — 493 Exemplare
Pique Dame. Russisch - Deutsch (1834) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben476 Exemplare
Ein Gott, der keiner war. (1944) — Mitwirkender — 426 Exemplare
A World of Great Stories (1947) 260 Exemplare
The Penguin Book of International Gay Writing (1995) — Mitwirkender — 176 Exemplare
The Columbia Anthology of Gay Literature (1998) — Mitwirkender — 158 Exemplare
Eleven Modern Short Novels (1970) — Mitwirkender — 49 Exemplare
Der Schuss (1831) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben36 Exemplare
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry : in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1956) — Mitwirkender, einige Ausgaben35 Exemplare
Edouard Vuillard, 1868-1940 (1971) — Mitwirkender — 35 Exemplare
Der Schneesturm (1983) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben35 Exemplare
The Vintage Book of Classic Crime (1993) — Mitwirkender — 33 Exemplare
The Penguin Book of Twentieth-Century Protest (1998) — Mitwirkender — 31 Exemplare
Der Postmeister (1955) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben28 Exemplare
Ten Modern Short Novels (1958) — Mitwirkender — 26 Exemplare
Oscar Wilde: A Collection of Critical Essays (1969) — Mitwirkender — 26 Exemplare
Great Short Novels of the World (1927) — Mitwirkender — 15 Exemplare
Shakespeare : Oeuvres complètes, tome 2 : Roméo et Juliette (1959) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben; Avant-propos, einige Ausgaben15 Exemplare
Les Pages immortelles : De Montaigne, choisies et expliquées par André Gide (1949) — Préface et anthologie — 11 Exemplare
Les Faux Monnayeurs - d'André Gide (Profil D'Une Oeuvre) (1970) — Mitwirkender — 7 Exemplare
Das Simenon-Lesebuch (2002) — Mitwirkender — 6 Exemplare
André Gide's The Immoralist: A Play — Autor — 5 Exemplare
American Aphrodite (Volume Three, Number Twelve) (1953) — Mitwirkender — 4 Exemplare
Pléiade: Goethe: Théâtre complet (1942) — Vorwort, einige Ausgaben3 Exemplare
Nouvelles — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben2 Exemplare
Théâtre complet. Avant-propos d'André Gide (1938) — Vorwort, einige Ausgaben; Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben1 Exemplar
フランス短篇24 (現代の世界文学) (1989) — Mitwirkender — 1 Exemplar

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Réunit deux textes de Gide : des souvenirs de ses rencontres avec Oscar Wilde et un essai sur le De Profundis lors de la première parution en français de ce texte.
 
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marievictoire | Mar 26, 2024 |
This is a difficult story to appreciate today, removed from its original context. Alissa and Jerome love each other, and Alissa's sister Juliette also loves Jerome. Oh, and they're first cousins who grew up around each other. Alissa tries to give Jerome up to her sister, but Juliette matches the sacrifice by immediately marrying some random guy who appeared on the scene in order to remove herself from the picture.

Alissa though continues and takes to a far extreme her self-sacrifice. She has the idea that human love is vastly inferior to love of God and that it indeed gets in the way.
"What can the soul prefer to happiness?" I cried, impetuously. She whispered: "Holiness..."
She tells Jerome:
"In the first moments of your stay at Fongueusemare it was astonishment that I felt - soon after it was uneasiness - at the strange contentment that filled my whole being in your presence; 'a contentment so great,' you said, 'that I desire nothing beyond!' Alas! that is just what makes me uneasy... 'If it did not suffice, it would not be happiness,' you said, do you remember? And I did not know what to answer. No, Jerome, it does not suffice us. Jerome, it must not suffice us. I cannot take this delicious contentment for the true one... We were born for a happiness other than that..."
In the name of this love of God, she continually pushes Jerome away, renouncing human love and happiness. Having renounced earthly pleasure, she naturally wastes away and dies, though only about in her late twenties. Jerome is given her diary after her death, in which she writes that she loves him so much that she has failed to love God more. Despairing, she resolved to help Jerome reach that height of religious virtue that she was unable to reach herself by making it so he could not love her any longer.
Alas! I understand now only too well: between God and him there is no other obstacle but myself. If perhaps, as he says, his love for me at first inclined him to God, now that very love hinders him; he lingers with me, prefers me, and I am become the idol that keeps him back from making further progress in virtue. One of us two must needs attain to it; and as I despair of overcoming the love in my coward heart, grant me, my God, vouchsafe me strength to teach him to love me no longer, so that at the cost of my merits I may bring Thee his, which are so infinitely preferable... Was he not born for something better than to love me?
The cost of her unasked for sacrifice is soon her death, and the last line she writes is, "I should like to die now, quickly, before again realising that I am alone." As a final twist of the knife, Gide has Jerome visit Juliette ten years after Alissa's death, Juliette with 5 children now, and he tells her that he will not love another woman for the rest of his life. She asks him,
"Then you think that one can keep a hopeless love in one's heart for so long as that? And that life can breathe upon it every day, without extinguishing it?"
She puts her hands to her face and begins to cry, and we cannot doubt it is her own love for Jerome of which she was speaking. Lord a'mighty.

Though today we idealize and elevate romantic love, and the deists among us seemingly naturally place God's blessing upon it, this was not always the case. Among the turn of the twentieth century Protestants in northern France, apparently, romantic love and love of God were sometimes seen as rivals, or at least in tension with each other. Gide wrote this novel as a cautionary tale, to explore the taking of this attitude to the extreme. It is a twin tale to his novel The Immoralist, where Michel pursues the opposite extreme of earthly pleasure, also to disaster.

It was also a shot at his wife's tendencies, with whom the homosexual Gide had an unconsummated relationship. His wife who was also his cousin. While The Immoralist, in which a married homosexual man is attracted to Arab boys, is a shot at his own.
… (mehr)
 
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lelandleslie | 22 weitere Rezensionen | Feb 24, 2024 |
A museum piece. Not one of those that draws the crowds, either; more of a worthy but kind of dull, really, Velazquez.

A companion to Gide's [b:Strait is the Gate|469406|Strait is the Gate (La Porte Etroite)|André Gide|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1347378560s/469406.jpg|702632], in which he explores the dangers of over-religiosity, in The Immoralist he explores the dangers of rejecting the conventional moral life and trying to live for immediate aesthetic and sensual pleasures. Well, kind of. The life Michel leads here is still fairly conventional, even edging on moral, despite his lofty rhetoric otherwise. He just doesn't do much to impress the reader that he's in fact living out his stated aims and rejecting convention.

Which gets to what this story is perhaps really about: repressed homosexuality. I have to take issue with the book description where it states the book is "a frank defense of homosexuality". It is nothing of the kind. In regards to Michel's homosexuality, it is the opposite of frank. It is subtle enough that it apparently went almost totally unnoticed at the time of its publication. Furthermore it is not a defense; Michel is a mostly unsympathetic character, he treats his devoted (painfully so) wife rather appallingly, and as Gide writes in his preface to a later edition of the work, "If I had intended my hero as an example, it must be granted I did anything but succeed." Indeed, I can't imagine anyone thinking at the end of this story, "Man, that Michel, what a great guy."

It may be said this book is an illustration of the torments and harm that can come about through the individual repressing such an elementary, necessary part of him or herself. A repression that can be blamed on society's restrictive conception of what is proper and moral, to be sure. Even when the individual tries to live in a way more true to himself, it may still prove difficult.

The Immoralist may then be more a condemnation of narrow-minded society that produces tormented men like Michel, than of Michel's transgressive actions, or a defense of such a man produced by such a society.

Which all may make the book sound like an entertaining read, but I assure you, the ideas behind the book are more interesting than the book's execution.
… (mehr)
 
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lelandleslie | 45 weitere Rezensionen | Feb 24, 2024 |
 
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AnkaraLibrary | Feb 23, 2024 |

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