Catherine Marshall (6) (1880–1961)

Catherine Marshall was born to a middle-class family in Harrow-on-the-Hill, a village on the outskirts of London. Her father Frank Marshall was a master at Harrow School and her mother Caroline had also been a teacher; both were supporters of the Liberal Party. Catherine was educated at a private school run by her aunt and later at St. Leonards School, an indpendent boarding school in Scotland. In 1904, the family moved to Hawse End, near Keswick, in the Lake District. Catherine and her mother became more active in the suffragist movement there, and helped formed the Keswick branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) at their home. Caroline served as president and proved herself to be a highly effective and energetic public speaker, media influencer, political campaigner, and organizer. She returned to London to take a paid position in the national headquarters of the NUWSS, and represented the organization at international conferences. She played a major role in trying to influence the Liberal Party to favor women's suffrage. At the outbreak of World War I, she became an organizer for the No-Conscription Fellowship (NCF), which encouraged men to refuse to serve in the war. In 1915, she helped organize the Women's International Congress in The Hague, at which she joined other well-known suffragists in founding the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. On her return to London, she established Britain's branch of this organization, resigning from the NUWSS to work for peace full-time. She served the peace movement with great dedication for decades, and in the 1930s assisted refugees in fleeing Nazi Germany.