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Who Wrote the Bible? von Richard E. Friedman
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Who Wrote the Bible? (Original 1987; 1997. Auflage)

von Richard E. Friedman

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1,6882410,258 (4.03)22
A much anticipated reissue of Who Wrote the Bible?--the contemporary classic the New York Times Book Review called "a thought-provoking [and] perceptive guide" that identifies the individual writers of the Pentateuch and explains what they can teach us about the origins of the Bible. For thousands of years, the prophet Moses was regarded as the sole author of the first five books of the Bible, known as the Pentateuch. According to tradition, Moses was divinely directed to write down foundational events in the history of the world: the creation of humans, the worldwide flood, the laws as they were handed down at Mt. Sinai, and the cycle of Israel's enslavement and liberation from Egypt. However, these stories--and their frequent discrepancies--provoke questions: why does the first chapter in Genesis say that man and woman were made in God's image, while the second says that woman was made from man's rib? Why does one account of the flood say it lasted forty days, while another records no less than one hundred? And why do some stories reflect the history of southern Judah, while others seem sourced from northern Israel? Originally published in 1987, Richard Friedman's Who Wrote the Bible? joins a host of modern scholars who show that the Pentateuch was written by at least four distinct voices--separated by borders, political alliances, and particular moments in history--then connected by brilliant editors. Rather than cast doubt onto the legitimacy of the Bible, Friedman uses these divergent accounts to illuminate a text that was written by real people. Friedman's seminal and bestselling text is a comprehensive and authoritative answer to the question: just who exactly wrote the Bible?… (mehr)
Mitglied:Exeterfriends
Titel:Who Wrote the Bible?
Autoren:Richard E. Friedman
Info:HarperOne (1997), Paperback, 304 pages
Sammlungen:Deine Bibliothek
Bewertung:
Tags:Bible Study

Werk-Informationen

Wer schrieb die Bibel? von Richard Elliott Friedman (1987)

  1. 20
    Holy Bible - Evangelical Heritage Version (EHV) von Wartburg Project (lhungsbe)
    lhungsbe: My go-to version of the Bible. No additions or deletions. Easy to read.
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A short book presenting evidence that the Bible was written by many different authors, each adding passages that corresponded to their social and political environments at their time of living. Friedman does an excellent job presenting the evidence for this by showing differences in language and syntax found in the most famous stories, like Noah's Ark or Moses receiving the 10 commandments. These stories show up multiple times in the Bible but with different lines or certain words added, signifying that someone (or a group) changed the story around slightly. These have become known as the J, E, and P texts (Jahweh, Elohim, and Priestly).

I find it fascinating that so many people swear by it, follow it, praise it but know absolutely nothing about its history. It contains so many contradictions. I don't understand why people still continue to use the Bible as an authoritative text rather than use it as a means for spiritual guidance (although many parts of it that I've seen quoted are rather violent and primitive). I plan to read parts of it strictly as literature and for historical context, only because I find the Near East so interesting. ( )
  ProfessorEX | Apr 15, 2021 |
Livro interessante como um romance, ou melhor, como um romance policial, pois o mistério de saber "quem" mantém-se quase até ao fim. Pelo meio fica muita erudição e muitas ideias para aprofundar.
Não conhecendo outras obras sobre o tema, obrigatório se torna voltar a lê-la para bem entender estas ideias que não sendo de todo originais, são ignoradas pela quase totalidade dos autores de temas judaicos e cristãos.
Se a gnosologia desta obra é interessante, a metodologia descrita é fascinante! Vale a pena ler esta obra só pelos aspectos metodológicos.
Nesta obra ficamos a saber que a fonte J foi escrita em Judá e a fonte E em Israel, abas antes da queda de Israel, mas depois da separação dos reinos, portanto, entre 900 e 722 ac. Após a queda de Israel, na massiva migração para sul então verificada, a fonte E foi trazida para Judá pelo clero de Israel e, alguns anos depois, foi fundida com a fonte J.
Ficamos também a saber que havia, pelo menos, dois grupos clericais igualmente levitas: uns descendentes de Moisés, sitiados em Silo, no norte; e outros descendentes de Aarão, sediados em Jerusalém.
Fui justamente este clero aaronita que ao se sentir ameaçado pelos mosaicos do norte, escreveram um texto alternativo a JE, uma narrativa e um código de leis que defendesse os seus interesses. Esta será a origem da fonte P, a qual deve ter sido escrita no tempo do rei Ezequias.
O clero rival reagiu no reinado do neto deste, Josias, fazendo aparecer nas fundações do tempo de Jerusalém uma nova tora - a fonte D.
Depois do exílio, Esdras fundiu as quatro fontes, criando uma nova tora, a qual deu origem ao verdadeiro judaísmo. ( )
  CMBras | Jan 23, 2021 |
This book was absolutely fascinating, and also very well-written!! It deserves a place on the bookshelf of any serious student of Biblical or even just ancient near-eastern history, imho.

Five authors: the J, E, P, D and R are found in a great summary of modern Higher Literary criticism of the Biblical texts known to Christians as the Old Testament, and just the Bible or TNaCH to Jewish readers. The J and E are roughly contemporary, from the time of the Northern kingdom and the Kingdom of Yehuda (Solomon's kids southern kingdom): J=Jehovah vs E for Elohim via the Hebrew names for God: two ancient texts combined into one. The P was a priestly document which accounts for the various 'where he shall place his name' lines coming up seemingly randomly in sacrifce laws, D=Deuteronomist, and the Redactor edited it all together into one document, apparently without dropping a line, and coherent enough to inspire a national narrative going forward after the Babylonian exile! Now that is beautiful genius!

Overall, I found it reassuring that various groups of writers show different but clear motivations for writing the books that began as separate works. It was quite interesting to see why and when those books could have been combined due to changing historical circumstances.

It was also surprising for me to learn of the Judean refugees in Egypt. But this does explain the presence of the Jewish mercenaries on the Nile island of Elephantine. I loved his phrase on page 144: "from Egypt to Egypt" and also possibly related to that is a reference on page 146 that I must look up: Baba Batra 15a from the Talmud Bavli (I just found this note with no other context... but here is a source ref: https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Batra.15a ).

I found it thrilling to see the idea of Jeremiah as writing Deuteronomy, and of Ezra or his scribe Baruch as the redactor. These findings closed for me what had previously been gaping wounds based on my own problems with the inconsistencies within the Biblical texts. Now I can read and study these texts in the knowledge that it is no secret that these writings were put together for a purpose by multiple people, yet serve a purpose greater perhaps than even the redactor himself could have forseen at the time. Hope, inspiration and magnificence all come from the pages written and redated into one whole, and this is an amazing example of the Divinity that human cooperation can produce.
27 June, 12017 HE
(Holocene or Human Era)
Shira ( )
  FourFreedoms | May 17, 2019 |
The contemporary classic the New York Times Book Review called “a thought-provoking [and] perceptive guide,” Who Wrote the Bible? by Richard E. Friedman is a fascinating, intellectual, yet highly readable analysis and investigation into the authorship of the Old Testament. The author of Commentary on the Torah, Friedman delves deeply into the history of the Bible in a scholarly work that is as exciting and surprising as a good detective novel. Who Wrote the Bible? is enlightening, riveting, an important contribution to religious literature, and as the Los Angeles Times aptly observed in its rave review, “There is no other book like this one.”
  StFrancisofAssisi | Apr 29, 2019 |
> QUI A ÉCRIT LA BIBLE ?, de Richard Friedman. — L’auteur, professeur d’hébreu à l’Université de Californie à San Diego, nous livre un ouvrage – une contribution académique bien argumentée – pouvant éclairer ses lecteurs sur les contextes sociaux et culturels dans lesquels la Bible fut écrite. Cette enquête est principalement développée sur le Pentateuque – les cinq premiers livrent attribués par la Tradition à Moïse mais fait également parler les livres prophétiques. Ed. Exergue, 1997 - 315 p.
3e millénaire, (47), Printemps 1998
  Joop-le-philosophe | Mar 13, 2019 |
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People have been reading the Bible for nearly two thousand years.
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La questione della paternità della Bibbia è menzionata in quasi tutte le introduzioni all'Antico e al Nuovo Testamento, in centinaia di commentari al testo e nella maggior parte dei corsi sulla Bibbia tenuti presso le università e i seminari. Tuttavia, se sono in molti ad avere quanto meno sentito nominare le teorie evoluzionistiche e le scienze geologiche in relazione al problema dell'età della terra, non si può dire lo stesso a proposito del dibattito sugli autori biblici. Il fenomeno si spiega, almeno in parte, con la mancanza in questo campo di scoperte sensazionali paragonabili a quelle di Darwin alle Galapagos o al ritrovamento nelle grotte di Qumran dei cosiddetti "rotoli del Mr Morto". Il progresso degli studi si deve piuttosto a lunghe e pazienti ricerche che nel corso di molti secoli hanno man mano giustapposto i tasselli di un grande mosaico, pochi dei quali hanno fatto notizia. Ma la parte di mosaico oggi ricostruita rivela finalmente la fisionomia degli artefici della Bibbia, e credo che sia importante mette a parte di questa scoperta un pubblico più vasto.
In qualunque modo si voglia interpretare la Bibbia - come opera letteraria, testo religioso, fonte storica, raccolta di massime morali (una scelta che già comporta una selezione di pubblico) - l'assenza dell'autore ci sottrae il nostro principale interlocutore.
L'insegnamento della letteratura prevede di norma alcune notizie biografiche e, se si escludono le analisi teoriche più avanzate, il rapporto tra la vita di un autore e la realtà descritta nelle sue opere è ritenuto un elemento di rilievo. [...]
È sorprendente che nel caso della Bibbia queste informazioni siano sempre state largamente deficitarie, anche a prezzo dell'intelligibilità del testo. Se, ad esempio, non siamo in grado di attribuire un certo racconto biblico a un secolo preciso, come dovremo interpretare quelle espressioni che assumono significati diversi a seconda del periodo. L'autore è stato testimone oculare dei fatti che racconta? Se non è così, come si è formato un'idea di ciò che è accaduto: attraverso fonti scritte, per rivelazione divina, creando egli stesso la storia o in quale altro modo? In che misura gli avvenimenti della vita contemporanea hanno influenzato la narrazione? La storia doveva avere fin dall'inizio il valore di Libro, sacro e autoritativo?
Rispondere a queste domande è importante per comprendere il significato del testo all'interno del suo stesso mondo, ma risalire all'identità degli autori e alle forze che l'hanno prodotto apre la via a una nuova e più ricca interpretazione moderna, di grande interesse per i credenti come per i non-credenti.
... il conflitto tra re e sacerdoti e tra pretendenti al trono che si prospetta già durante il primo stadio della storia israelitica, avrebbe assunto un ruolo decisivo nel processo di scrittura del testo biblico.
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A much anticipated reissue of Who Wrote the Bible?--the contemporary classic the New York Times Book Review called "a thought-provoking [and] perceptive guide" that identifies the individual writers of the Pentateuch and explains what they can teach us about the origins of the Bible. For thousands of years, the prophet Moses was regarded as the sole author of the first five books of the Bible, known as the Pentateuch. According to tradition, Moses was divinely directed to write down foundational events in the history of the world: the creation of humans, the worldwide flood, the laws as they were handed down at Mt. Sinai, and the cycle of Israel's enslavement and liberation from Egypt. However, these stories--and their frequent discrepancies--provoke questions: why does the first chapter in Genesis say that man and woman were made in God's image, while the second says that woman was made from man's rib? Why does one account of the flood say it lasted forty days, while another records no less than one hundred? And why do some stories reflect the history of southern Judah, while others seem sourced from northern Israel? Originally published in 1987, Richard Friedman's Who Wrote the Bible? joins a host of modern scholars who show that the Pentateuch was written by at least four distinct voices--separated by borders, political alliances, and particular moments in history--then connected by brilliant editors. Rather than cast doubt onto the legitimacy of the Bible, Friedman uses these divergent accounts to illuminate a text that was written by real people. Friedman's seminal and bestselling text is a comprehensive and authoritative answer to the question: just who exactly wrote the Bible?

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