Public concerns, evidence from research and increasing scientific knowledge are all driving widespread discussions on environment and health problems. The issue of environment and health is characterised by multi-causality with different strengths of association. This means that the links between exposures and their health consequences depend on the environmental pollutants and diseases being considered, but are also influenced by factors such as genetic constitution, age, nutrition and lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors such as poverty and level of education. The report examines the environmental burden of disease, focussing on respiratory disease, asthma and allergies, cancer, neuro-developmental disorders and endocrine disruption. Further sections look at the presence of man-made chemicals in the human body, wildlife as early warning signals for human impacts, and climate change and health.