This book offers a rigorous examination of the possibility of a theology based on contemporary conceptions of rationality, with special attention given to Jurgen Habermas's idea of a communicative rationality. The title underscores the interdisciplinary nature of the author's attempt to formulate a foundational theory of theology in response to the challenges of the theories of science and action in this century. Helmut Peukert belongs to the second generation of German theologians involved in the development of a "political theology," following on the work of Jurgen Moltmann and Johann Baptist Metz. He teaches at the University of Monster in West Germany. Science, Action, and Fundamental Theologyis included in the Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought series, edited by Thomas McCarthy.