Since the 1980s, many developing countries have used the existing institutional regional and subregional co-operation frameworks to foster their collaboration in biotechnology research and development. This helps avoid being marginalized within a globalized economy and, complemented with economic, scientific and technological co-operation, serves as a springboard for the endogenous development of biotechnologies. This 3rd volume presents an overview of regional and subregional co-operation as well as bilateral initiatives between countries (North-South and South-South) and public research institutions, and joint ventures between private corporations, or between publicly-and-privately-owned companies. All these forms of co-operation play an increasingly important role in promoting the advancement of biotechnologies and their benefits in the developing world. [UNESCO website]