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Primitive Classification (1903)

von Emile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss

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In this influential work, first published in English in 1963, Durkheim and Mauss claim that the individual mind is capable of classification and they seek the origin of the 'classificatory function' in society. On the basis of an intensive examination of forms and principles of symbolic classification reported from the Australian aborigines, the Zuñi and traditional China, they try to establish a formal correspondence between social and symbolic classification. From this they argue that the mode of classification is determined by the form of society and that the notions of space, time, hierarchy, number, class and other such cognitive categories are products of society. Dr Needham's introduction assesses the validity of Durkhiem and Mauss's argument, traces its continued influence in various disciplines, and indicates its analytical value for future researches in social anthropology.… (mehr)
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3.25 ( )
  DanielSTJ | May 24, 2022 |
Durkheim and Mauss concern themselves with symbolic classifications of a moral or religious nature, which they distinguish from practical schemes of distinctions which they call technological. They believe that the human mind lacks the innate capacity to construct complex systems of classification such as every society possess [ASS.], and which are cultural products not to be found in nature, and they therefore ask what could have served as the model for such arrangements of ideas. Their answer is that the model is society itself. The first logical categories were social categories. . . the first classes of things were classes of men; not only the external form of classes, but also the relations uniting them to each other, are of social origin. . . .

. . . Now society is alleged to be the model on which classification is based, yet in society after society examined no formal correspondence can be shown to exist. Different forms of classifications are found with identical types of social organization, and similar forms with different types of society. . . . There is very little sign of the constant correspondence of symbolic classification with social order which the argument leads one to expect, and which indeed the argument is intended to explain. . . .

. . . [I]n places they assume that a society employs only one mode of classification at a time. For example, they maintain that the Zuňi system of classification was preceded by one into six regions, and that before this there was one into four corresponding to the cardinal points. But not only is this conjectured development not demonstrated by the texts to which they refer, it is only plausible on the assumption that the Zuňi could not simultaneously possess classifications by seven, by six, and by four. Once it is admitted that they might do so, all need to relate these different modes of classification in an evolutionary progress vanish. . . .

Durkheim and Mauss [1903], Primitive Classification, Intro. & Tr.: Rodney Needham (U. of Chicago Press, 1963). Selections from the “Introduction”.
  cameronbr | Jan 17, 2010 |
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AutorennameRolleArt des AutorsWerk?Status
Emile DurkheimHauptautoralle Ausgabenberechnet
Mauss, MarcelHauptautoralle Ausgabenbestätigt
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The discoveries of contemporary psychology have thrown into prominence the frequent illusion that we regard certain mental operations as simple and elementary when they are really very complex.
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In this influential work, first published in English in 1963, Durkheim and Mauss claim that the individual mind is capable of classification and they seek the origin of the 'classificatory function' in society. On the basis of an intensive examination of forms and principles of symbolic classification reported from the Australian aborigines, the Zuñi and traditional China, they try to establish a formal correspondence between social and symbolic classification. From this they argue that the mode of classification is determined by the form of society and that the notions of space, time, hierarchy, number, class and other such cognitive categories are products of society. Dr Needham's introduction assesses the validity of Durkhiem and Mauss's argument, traces its continued influence in various disciplines, and indicates its analytical value for future researches in social anthropology.

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