This book is a kind of "thinker's toolkit." It's a guide to clear reasoning. The sources range from Plato to Pareto, from Kant to Clausewitz, from Rawls to Rousseau, from Freud to Friedman, and from Adam and Eve to Adam Smith. In these pages, you will be amused by the fallacy of Bertrand Russell's chicken--and by game theorists' analyses of the game of chicken. You will see how air conditioning works, how obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is diagnosed, and how General Norman Schwartzkopf started the invasion of Iraq that began Operation Desert Storm. If some of these names are unfamiliar to you, don't worry. They're unfamiliar to many well-educated people. The purpose of this book is to cover methods of thinking that get left out of a lot of educations. You'll also encounter the Coase Theorem, the trolley problem, and Arrow's Theorem of Public Choice. You will see how psychologists think falsehoods can best be detected. You will be introduced to the concept of entropy, correlation coefficients, logical positivism, Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance, Nash equilibria, and Shapley values--even a logic named 'Barbara' from a Latin acronym. Student paperback edition, Second Edition, of this important work. Student edition is in content and pagination identical to the Trade Edition but uses thinner paper for the convenience of students and other readers.