An international conference was held in 1989 in honour of Professor Thurstan Shaw, a doyen of African archaeology. The papers from the conference are by the leading African and other archeologists of Africa. This is the third in the series from the conference. The papers treat significant aspects of man's social and cultural stories in Africa within the quarternary/geographic contexts. It addresses the wide range of substantive subjects, disciplines and approaches which African archaeology now embraces; and discusses which of the approaches and perspectives used is most appropriate for identifying and reconstructing those facts of the cultural systems and resources salient for the development of African societies.