This insightful book explores the structure and identity of American Protestantism in the twentieth century. The standard picture of these years portrays Protestantism as divided into two diametrically opposed camps -- fundamentalist/evangelical Protestantism and liberal/mainline Protestantism. The contributors to this volume -- Martin E. Marty, Richard Hughes, and twenty-one others -- challenge this two-party thesis, questioning such a division both on the basis of empirical validity and on the basis of contemporary usefulness. They show that the two-party model not only provides an inadequate map of American Protestantism during the past century but also distorts Protestant hopes for the future.