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Die Besiegten: Das blutige Erbe des Ersten Weltkriegs

von Robert Gerwarth

Weitere Autoren: Siehe Abschnitt Weitere Autoren.

MitgliederRezensionenBeliebtheitDurchschnittliche BewertungDiskussionen
4061361,727 (4.05)6
"A pathbreaking account of the continuing ethnic and state violence after the end of WWI--conflicts that more than anything else set the stage for WWII"--Provided by publisher. "An epic, groundbreaking account of the ethnic and state violence that followed the end of World War I--conflicts that would shape the course of the twentieth century. For the Western allies, November 11, 1918 has always been a solemn date--the end of fighting that had destroyed a generation, and also a vindication of a terrible sacrifice with the total collapse of the principal enemies: the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. But for much of the rest of Europe this was a day with no meaning, as a nightmarish series of conflicts would soon engulf country after country. In The Vanquished, a highly original and gripping work of history, Robert Gerwarth asks us to think again about the true legacy of the First World War. In large part it was not the fighting on the Western Front that proved so ruinous to Europe's future, but the devastating aftermath, in which countries on both sides of the original conflict were savaged by revolutions, pogroms, mass expulsions, and further major military clashes. In the years immediately after the armistice, millions would die across central, eastern, and southeastern Europe before the Soviet Union and a series of rickety and exhausted small new states came into being. It was here, in the ruins of Europe, that extreme ideologies such as fascism would take shape and ultimately emerge triumphant. As absorbing in its drama as it is unsettling in its analysis, The Vanquished is destined to transform our understanding of not just the First World War but the twentieth century as a whole"--Provided by publisher.… (mehr)
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When the WW I armistice was declared, the violence did not really end. In many ways it seemed to begin again. Traditional history books see 1918 as the end of WW I, restoring the world to peace. Gerwarth uses this book to show that the war did not really end in 1918 and that the end of the war unleashed countless other conflicts.

The great thing about this book is that it provides an overview of what happened throughout Europe in the years after the war ended. This is also the disadvantage of the book - so much happened in so many different countries that it is often difficult for the reader to keep things straight. The information provided is invaluable but the book is a challenge to read.

Gerwarth has recently published November 1918 about the revolution in Germany. This is a much better book because it can focus more. ( )
  M_Clark | Feb 28, 2023 |
A well-written and vivid account of the immediate post-war period of 1917-1923 in East-Central Europe. Covers the most significant issues and conflicts with appropriate detail, emphasising the rise of revolutionary and nationalist paramilitarism and the great extent of hardship and brutal atrocity. For many countries, this period was even more severe than the Great War preceding it, and has left a deeper scar in national memory. This period’s significance, for Gerwarth, is that its upheaval, extremism, and diplomacy laid the foundation for the Second World War. The book’s scope is tightly reined and so, to its absolute merit, over a third of the book’s length is comprised of endnotes and bibliography, meaning that there is plentiful further reading to be perused by anyone interested in the hundreds of micro-topics tackled. For an overview, this is everything I would hope for in history-writing, and the fact that it is highly engaging and smartly structured is an added bonus. ( )
  woj2000 | Feb 20, 2023 |
Very readable and well argued outline of the “revolutions” that took place in the Ottoman Empire, Eastern and Central Europe from 1917, as a result directly or indirectly of the Great War.
Although I was aware of the largest two events discussed, the 1917 Russian Revolution and the 1922 breakup of the Ottoman Empire, there were useful descriptions of these and events in Germany, together with succinct details of the political changes in Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Spain and Italy, before returning to the situation in Germany and Hitler’s unsuccessful 1923 attempt in Munich to emulate Mussolini’s 1922 coup.
Later chapters usefully précis’s the creation of the Middle Eastern Arab nations from the Balfour agreement that provided for a Jewish homeland, and the Greek invasion of Anatolia and creation of the Turkish state from the core of the Ottoman Empire.
There was also discussion of fascinating subjects that had previously completely passed me by, such as irredentism (a political and popular movement whose members claim (usually on behalf of their nation) and seek to occupy territory which they consider "lost" (or "unredeemed"), based on history or legend), especially in relation to Italy’s and Greece’s attempts to increase its European territory and create a colonial empire.
The balance between detail and overview in a synthesising work of history like this is difficult, and at times it did feel as if Gedwarth was providing too many names and descriptions of changing political alliances, but this is a minor issue for a book covering events in so many countries. There are also a few useful maps at the beginning of the book and about thirty photos showing key personalities and events, together with copious notes and substantial bibliography.
Overall I really enjoyed and learned from this book, which helps expand my understanding of recent European history. ( )
  CarltonC | Oct 16, 2021 |
Great stuff: puts lots of meat on the bones of my assumption that 'WWI led to WWII,' by showing how revolution, civil war, and the collapse of empires destabilized huge swathes of central and Eastern Europe. Also, despite the blurbs, not all that 'epic.' In fact, pleasantly short, the kind of book I might have time to re-read, just so it really sinks in. ( )
  stillatim | Oct 23, 2020 |
Many stories some more interesting than others; short on analysis. I found details of goings on in Bulgaria to remote and outside the mainstream of history; the chapter on Russia I could have written myself; the Goldilocks item was on the Greek invasion of Asia Minor where I was well-versed in the outline but this filled in a lot of detail, especially the direct responsibility of Venizelos. My audio version marred by the all-too-common mangling of foreign names (e.g. Venízelos instead of Venizélos) - why can't they take a bit of trouble to find out if they don't know!

Peacemakers 1919 by Margaret MacMillian covers similar ground more systematically. ( )
  vguy | Dec 10, 2019 |
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AutorennameRolleArt des AutorsWerk?Status
Gerwarth, RobertAutorHauptautoralle Ausgabenbestätigt
Blanchard, AurélienÜbersetzerCo-Autoreinige Ausgabenbestätigt

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(Introduction)

« Les deux camps, vainqueur comme vaincu, étaient en ruine. Tous les empereurs et leurs successeurs avaient été tués ou destitués. […] Tous étaient vaincus ; tous étaient dévastés ; tout ce qu'ils avaient donné, ils l'avaient donné en vain. Personne n'avait rien gagné […]. Ceux qui avaient survécu, les vétérans d'innombrables batailles, qu'ils soient couronnés de laurier ou qu'ils pleurent la défaite, revinrent à un foyer déjà englouti par la catastrophe. »
Winston Churchill, The Unknown War, 1931.
(Introduction)

« Cette guerre ne marque pas la fin mais le début de la violence. Elle est la forge dans laquelle le monde sera martelé afin de créer de nouvelles frontières et de nouvelles communautés. Ces nouveaux moules ont soif de sang, et le pouvoir sera exercé d'une main de fer. »
Ernst Jünger, Der Kampf als inneres Erlebnis, 1928.
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Introduction

C'est le 9 septembre 1922 que les passions excitées par une décennie de guerre se déchaînèrent sur la ville de Smyrne. [...]
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"A pathbreaking account of the continuing ethnic and state violence after the end of WWI--conflicts that more than anything else set the stage for WWII"--Provided by publisher. "An epic, groundbreaking account of the ethnic and state violence that followed the end of World War I--conflicts that would shape the course of the twentieth century. For the Western allies, November 11, 1918 has always been a solemn date--the end of fighting that had destroyed a generation, and also a vindication of a terrible sacrifice with the total collapse of the principal enemies: the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. But for much of the rest of Europe this was a day with no meaning, as a nightmarish series of conflicts would soon engulf country after country. In The Vanquished, a highly original and gripping work of history, Robert Gerwarth asks us to think again about the true legacy of the First World War. In large part it was not the fighting on the Western Front that proved so ruinous to Europe's future, but the devastating aftermath, in which countries on both sides of the original conflict were savaged by revolutions, pogroms, mass expulsions, and further major military clashes. In the years immediately after the armistice, millions would die across central, eastern, and southeastern Europe before the Soviet Union and a series of rickety and exhausted small new states came into being. It was here, in the ruins of Europe, that extreme ideologies such as fascism would take shape and ultimately emerge triumphant. As absorbing in its drama as it is unsettling in its analysis, The Vanquished is destined to transform our understanding of not just the First World War but the twentieth century as a whole"--Provided by publisher.

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