A lecture held at the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin, June 1996. Discusses the importance of memory to human life. Unlike history, it has an ethical aspect; and it must be inclusive - of good and evil, the painful and the encouraging, Nazi crimes and those few who heroically resisted them. Points to the ghetto and concentration camp inmates who wrote journals, and to Dubnow who continued to write his history, so that we might remember. We should remember the Jews in the photographs - the old Jew whose beard is being cut off by laughing German soldiers, the starving children begging for bread. But as the generation of the Holocaust passes away, who will remember or want to remember? While Germany is now a praiseworthy democracy, there are troubling manifestations of insensitivity toward the Jewish past. Pp. 1-10 contain intoductory remarks by Wolf Lepenies on the occasion of the lecture.