Nanomaterials are being used to develop more cost-effective and high-performance water treatment systems. In the field of water research, nanomaterials have been extensively utilised for the treatment and remediation, in addition to pollution prevention, of this vital resource. Remediation is the process of transforming the toxic substances in polluted water to below the limits stipulated by national/international guidelines. Volume 1 focuses on the carbon-based materials employed for water remediation. This book contains detailed information on various carbon materials including: carbon nanotubes, nanofibres, nanocellulose, dendrimers, mesoporous materials, molecularly imprinted materials, polymeric membranes and waste-derived nanocarbon materials. Polluted water is the main cause of severe environmental and health problems, and it is a well-established fact that carbon-based materials are very effective in the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. This book covers the broad aspects of nanotechnology, environmental science and water research, and will be beneficial to researchers involved in these areas. In addition, this book will be of considerable interest to researchers who are working towards their graduate and postgraduate degrees in these areas. A platform for all researchers is also provided as it covers considerable background from recent literature, including the abbreviations used. This book covers the fundamental knowledge and recent advancements of the research and development in the fields of nanotechnology, environmental science and water research.