This manual informs about practical procedures inassessment of renal fluoride excretion based on experience fromexisting national fluoridation programmes. Theassessment tools will primarily be useful inassisting countries in achieving an effectivefluoride exposure. It is a hope that the manual willstimulate oral health personnel and public healthadministrators to use a systematic approach formanaging and analysing data obtained fromdifferent levels of fluoride exposure. Finally themanual encourages inter-country collaboration onsurveillance systems for community programmesusing fluoride for pr