Structured around the stories of five prominent Moroccan Jewish Communists (Le on Rene Sultan, Edmond Amran El Maleh, Abraham Serfaty, Simon Le vy, and Sion Asssidon), 'The Sultan's Communists' examines how Moroccan Jews envisioned themselves participating as citizens in a newly independent Morocco. It also explores how Communism facilitated the participation of Moroccan Jews in Morocco's national liberation struggle with roots in the mass upheavals of the interwar and WWII periods. Alma Heckman describes how Moroccan Communist Jews fit within the story of mass Jewish exodus from Morocco in the 1950s and '60s, and how Communist Jews survived oppressive post-independence authoritarian rule under the Moroccan monarchy.