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Civilization and Its Discontents von Sigmund…
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Civilization and Its Discontents (Original 1953; 1989. Auflage)

von Sigmund Freud, Peter Gay, Peter Gay (Einführung), James Strachey (Übersetzer)

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5,646451,796 (3.64)38
Eines der einflussreichsten kulturkritischen Erzeugnisse des 20. Jahrhunderts im Original: Sigmund Freud erforscht die Grundlagen unserer kulturellen Entwicklung. Er sieht das Wachsen unserer Kultur in einer unabdingbaren Relation zu einem parallel ansteigenden Schuldgef hl, das sich aufgrund des notwendigen Triebverzichts einstellt und spricht sich g nzlich gegen jede Art von Kultur aus. Noch heute wird sein Werk kontrovers diskutiert.… (mehr)
Mitglied:edwardhenry
Titel:Civilization and Its Discontents
Autoren:Sigmund Freud
Weitere Autoren:Peter Gay, Peter Gay (Einführung), James Strachey (Übersetzer)
Info:W. W. Norton & Company (1989), Paperback, 127 pages
Sammlungen:Deine Bibliothek, Lese gerade
Bewertung:***1/2
Tags:psychology

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Das Unbehagen in der Kultur von Sigmund Freud (1953)

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Freud loved civilization; and he was also ambivalent about it. Freud is moderately interesting in that he was both influenced by and part of, the thoughts of the men (women?) of his own time and immediately before, and a big influence on subsequent decades, as well as a ‘unique’ take on relevant human questions.

Anyway, this seems to be basically Freud’s book about happiness. ‘Interpretation of Dreams’ was sorta okay—it’s a great topic—although I feel like he tried way too hard, you know. (His favorite book!) In this book he kinda keeps it simpler—happiness; barriers to happiness—and in Freud’s world, when he simplifies himself, he kinda barely brushes the top of the hills, instead of floating in the path of the spy planes, you know.

…. Freud’s occasional weirdo-sexism won’t surprise the students of reputation, but more central to his point is that there is more to civilization than just-academics-and-nothing-but-the-academics; the-isolated-man-and-nothing-but-the-isolated-man, you know.

…. I’m sure that what Siggy writes can be interpreted in different ways, but I don’t think I’m as positive, or sanguine, about hostility as he is, and I don’t think that people need to earn love. I don’t know; love isn’t marriage, but people shouldn’t have to earn love. Although he is quite brave to state as his belief what most people usually believe, when most people usually by no means consider their own beliefs to be correct, you know—their real beliefs. And it’s true that Christian and communist (etc.) love in general has been based on the exclusion of the other. So there are some things he’s right about, I guess, although he is both very common, and rather weird.

…. I don’t think that Freud was trivial, the way that we want to believe; Eckhart Tolle dismissed him in about a sentence, you know. “He didn’t talk about meditation, so screw him.” Freud wasn’t completely deluded, or completely without aid for humanity, really: you could at least stop blaming yourself, attacking yourself, taking it out on yourself—that only increases the total amount of aggression, in the end…. Sometimes the religion of Freud’s day took dying on a cross of one’s own construction to be almost the goal of the human project, but….

…. So it’s basically about happiness, although other related topics are brought in, such as guilt, social structures, and parental relations (mostly that of the father as family law-giver vs resentful children, basically).

…. “(The cultural super-ego) issues a command and does not ask whether it is possible for people to obey it.”

This is true I think of the Jewish and I guess the Catholic god. The Calvinist one IMO issues a command while asserting that it cannot be obeyed, you know. 🤓🤪😠

…. I guess properly it is about the ~barriers~ to happiness, of course.

(Calvinist) Yes, this is the law. It’s a good law. No, you are constitutionally and inherently unable to obey it. This law will find you guilty; it will make you unhappy. What’s wrong with that? 😠
(Freud) (does crazy/loony tunes gestures behind his back)
1 abstimmen goosecap | Jan 14, 2024 |
For a short book, it was a challenge to read. Freud (like many German authors) enjoyed very long, complicated sentences. Nevertheless, a rather pessimistic view of man's gradual civilization. ( )
  wahoo8895 | Nov 20, 2022 |
Freud's a divisive author, no doubt about it. So often he'll create a reaction in people (particularly men) when they learn that he posits that all men want to sleep with their mothers. As wild and possibly misplaced as his fixation on the Oedipus Complex is, Freud tends to gesture successfully at truths in the human condition. He won't lead us to concrete proof, but neither does he claim to. "There is something going on here" he'll say in wonderfully worded prose. His ideas on the dual nature of humanity being tied between Eros and Thanatos may not be dead-on but he gives us the material through which to investigate drives of pleasure and aggression more fully. As a foundational work in today's modern thinking and, with Russia's current aggression in the world, I've got to give this one a 5/5. ( )
  macleod73 | Sep 14, 2022 |
9/6/22
  laplantelibrary | Sep 6, 2022 |
Freud é um grande escritor, um ensaista que arquiteta muito bem seus textos, alternando entre registros de pesquisa empírica, teorização especulativa e relato de experiências, tingindo tudo com uma fina ironia. No mal-estar, em que pese a falta de consideração para com os instintos diretamente altruístas (eliminados em favor da tese do "humano lobo do humano"), há a luta entre eros e morte, instinto de vida e instinto de destruição. Embate situado na busca da felicidade e confronto com a realidade, que se desdobra do psiquismo individual para aquele social, de âmbito cultural e enfim ético.

Se há um sentimento oceânico, que remete a um estágio em que o Eu ainda não conseguia diferenciar-se do mundo, ainda não tendo sofrido desgostos o suficiente para gerar a noção de realidade e exterior, a religião não estaria aí diretamente ligada. Freud lembra em muitos momentos teses Nietzscheanas. A ligação se daria a um anseio por proteção, de uma providência maior, normalmente associada à ideia de um pai. A religião seria uma forma mais acentuada de tentar assegurar a felicidade e proteção, usando da forma radical do delírio coletivo ligado a um infantilismo para poupar a neurose individual, rebaixando o valor da vida e deformando a imagem do mundo.

Buscamos a felicidade, mas somos confrontados com a potência da natureza, a fragilidade de nosso corpo e a insuficiência das normas que regulam os vínculos humanos na família, estado e sociedade. Destes, somente o terceiro elemento aparenta-nos passível de melhoria. Apenas diminuir as expectativas não é suficiente. Procuramos deslocar os investimentos perigosos para formar redes de segurança, mas também de equilíbrio libidinal - a cultura, o valor do trabalho. Mesmo simples amor que conduz à felicidade é instável e perigoso e deve ser reconduzido, na figura da família, o casamento. O amor genital é reconduzido à amizade. A cultura subtrai da sexualidade energia, sempre construindo maneiras de oprimi-la, por temer uma revolta libidinal.

A liberdade individual sofria de sua fragilidade de defesa contra as intempéries e impulsos que levavam à destruição. A comunidade faz seus membros se protegerem da força bruta do indivíduo, ao mesmo tempo que começa a regulação no indivíduo de sua utilização de força bruta, o que leva à noção de justiça, mas assim leva a um complemento de frustração em cada indivíduo, frustração que os neuróticos não conseguem suportar de modo funcional.

Há paliativos para amaciar a vida: poderosas diversões, gratificações substitutivas, substâncias inebriantes. A arte diverte menos, mas gratifica pelo alcance cultural que atinge. Mesmo a causa comunista que, diminuindo a desigualdade social, melhoria em muito a condição humana, não resolveria as profundas angústias e insatisfação do homem, que vêm da inserção na cultura, do desconforto com privilégios sexuais, libidinais, desejos etc, da agressividade e resultam na zombaria contra o diferente, mobilizando um deslocamento libidinal da insatisfação para o outro (seja o diabo, os próprios comunistas, etc).

Assim, há um processo em que a agressividade é iontrojetada, internalizada, dirigida contra o próprio Eu, acolhida por uma parte deste, Super-Eu, que dá consistência à consciência, produzindo má-consciência, policiamento e culpa. O infortúnio e a frustração exterior conduz a um fortalecimento da consciência no Super-Eu, e o aprofundamento da culpa protege a ilusão de um destino ou Deus protetor, interiorizando pela cultura o errado, ao invés de condená-lo no mundo exterior. O medo ante à autoridade passa a ser aquele diante do Super-Eu. A consciência resulta da renúncia instintual.

A culminação se dá em uma ética onde, os mandamentos de um Super-eu análogo da sociedade, uma terapia para atingir o que falta na cultura, a capacidade de afastar os humanos do pendor para a agressão mútua. Mas assim como o Super-eu do indivíduo, aí não há observância de fatos básicos da garantia do equilíbrio psíquico, sendo uma força que se impõe sem averiguar se a tarefa é exequível. Dessas culturas que desenvolveram para si uma ética, abudariam neuroses do social. O preço do progresso cultura da sociedade cristã é a perda da felicidade, pelo acréscimo do sentimento de culpa. Na repressão, elementos libidinais transformam-se em sintomas, componentes agressivos em culpa. Daí o mal-estar na civilização. ( )
  henrique_iwao | Aug 30, 2022 |
This, written in 1930, on the eve of destruction as it were, is a summary of Freud's beliefs, the potted essence of his system as applied to the broad picture. Those who decry the Freudian technique as far as our interior mental landscapes go would do well to remember that, whatever his flaws as a scientist, he was a first-rate essayist.
 

» Andere Autoren hinzufügen (38 möglich)

AutorennameRolleArt des AutorsWerk?Status
Freud, SigmundHauptautoralle Ausgabenbestätigt
Šuvajevs, IgorsÜbersetzerCo-Autoreinige Ausgabenbestätigt
López-Ballesteros, LuisÜbersetzerCo-Autoreinige Ausgabenbestätigt
McLintock, DavidÜbersetzerCo-Autoreinige Ausgabenbestätigt
Riviere, JoanÜbersetzerCo-Autoreinige Ausgabenbestätigt
Strachey, JamesÜbersetzerCo-Autoreinige Ausgabenbestätigt
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It is impossible to escape the impression that people commonly use false standards of measurement -- that they seek power, wealth, and success for themselves and admire them in others, and that they underestimate what is of true value in life.
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Civilization, therefore, obtains mastery over the individual's dangerous desire for aggression by weakening and disarming it and by setting up an agency within him to watch over it, like a garrison in a conquered city.
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Eines der einflussreichsten kulturkritischen Erzeugnisse des 20. Jahrhunderts im Original: Sigmund Freud erforscht die Grundlagen unserer kulturellen Entwicklung. Er sieht das Wachsen unserer Kultur in einer unabdingbaren Relation zu einem parallel ansteigenden Schuldgef hl, das sich aufgrund des notwendigen Triebverzichts einstellt und spricht sich g nzlich gegen jede Art von Kultur aus. Noch heute wird sein Werk kontrovers diskutiert.

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