This report examines the science base of the relationship between diet and physical activity patterns, and the major nutrition-related chronic diseases. Recommendations are made to help prevent death and disability from major nutrition-related chronic diseases. These population nutrient intake and physical activity goals should contribute in the development of regional strategies and national guidelines to reduce the burden of disease related to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, osteoporosis and dental disease. The recommendations contained in this report are based on the examination and analysis of the best available evidence and the collective judgement of a group of experts from WHO and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization).