This is the first English-language military history of what the People's Republic of China called the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. Based upon a vast array of recently available Chinese sources, it provides a revealing new look at the far-reaching influence of Mao Zedong's political and military thought on China's conduct of the war. Zhang argues that war in Korea offered Mao yet another opportunity to expand and consolidate his political power at home while at the same time uniting the Chinese proletariat against Yankee imperialism and proving to the international community that China had arrived as a major world power. Fueled by Mao's call to safeguard China and East Asia from American invasions, the Chinese showed how a relatively outgunned but inspired fighting force could deprive a technologically superior opponent of victory in a limited war. As Zhang concludes, subsequent conflicts in Vietnam and elsewhere have proved the value of that lesson.