The Protestants of Ireland are a missing piece in the puzzle of the wars of the three kingdoms of the 1640s. This book provides a rich narrative of the struggles and dilemmas of that community, and its place in the wider conflict throughout Britain and Ireland. The high politics of London, Oxford or Dublin are matched with the popular political and religious upheavals and the realities of brutal conflict in the Irish provinces. New light is shed upon the aims and aspirations of parliamentarians, royalists and covenanters in civil war England, and the formation of Protestant and 'British' identities in seventeenth century Ireland. This book will interest those engaged in the study of the British civil wars and of early modern Ireland.