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Talcott Parsons (1902–1979)

Autor von The Social System

60+ Werke 887 Mitglieder 4 Rezensionen Lieblingsautor von 1 Lesern

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Talcott Parsons, an American sociologist, introduced Max Weber to American sociology and became himself the leading theorist of American sociology after World War II. His Structure of Social Action (1937) is a detailed comparison of Alfred Marshall, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Vilfredo Pareto. mehr anzeigen Parsons concluded that these four scholars, coming from contrasting backgrounds and from four different countries, converged, without their knowing of the others, on a common theoretical and methodological position that he called "the voluntaristic theory of action." Subsequently, Parsons worked closely with the anthropologists Clyde Kluckhohn, Elton Mayo, and W. Lloyd Warner, and the psychologists Gordon W. Allport and Henry A. Murray, to define social, cultural, and personality systems as the three main interpenetrative types of action organization. He is widely known for his use of four pattern variables for characterizing social relationships:affectivity versus neutrality, diffuseness versus specificity, particularism versus universalism, and ascription versus achievement. (Bowker Author Biography) weniger anzeigen

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Werke von Talcott Parsons

The Social System (1951) 120 Exemplare
The Negro American (1966) 32 Exemplare
The Evolution of Societies (1977) 13 Exemplare
Politics and social structure (1969) 7 Exemplare
BIOGRAFA INTELECTUAL (2009) 3 Exemplare
Soziologie autobiographisch (1985) 2 Exemplare
社會的演化 (1999) 1 Exemplar
Sosiologiske essays (1988) 1 Exemplar
Zur Theorie sozialer Systeme (1976) 1 Exemplar

Zugehörige Werke

Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus (1904) — Übersetzer, einige Ausgaben3,983 Exemplare
The Sociology of Religion (1922) — Einführung, einige Ausgaben478 Exemplare
The Theory of Social and Economic Organization (1915) — Herausgeber, einige Ausgaben313 Exemplare
Reader in Comparative Religion: An Anthropological Approach (1958) — Mitwirkender — 211 Exemplare
The Radical Right: The New American Right (1963) — Mitwirkender — 95 Exemplare
Chinese Communist Society: The Family and the Village (1959) — Vorwort, einige Ausgaben35 Exemplare
C. Wright Mills and The power elite (1968) — Mitwirkender — 25 Exemplare

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For those who want to learn about Parsonian theory, especially the late four-function model, this is probably the best and least painful approach (along with its companion work, The System of Modern Societies). In a very short compass it includes many important insights about historical development as well as an elegant laying-out of the theoretical framework in just a few pages.
 
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Heckscher | 1 weitere Rezension | Feb 12, 2011 |
Parsons gives structure to the process of social history, with functionalist (Spencer, Weber) evolutionary taxonomy -- where society is an adaptive system extending self-sufficiency within respective physical-organic environments.

Parsons begins with a synopsis of pertinent theory, then treats the "primitive", "archaic" and "intermediate" forms of society with a functionalist focus, and ends with a Conclusion squarely facing criticisms and questions.

Functional differentiation, combined with generalized norms, increases the adaptive capacity of societies. The main dynamic of social change is cultural innovation in which the "cybernetic" social controls over environment become increasingly effective. I think this approach works quite well in analyzing societies where documentation is fragmentary and it does seem to adequately explain historical changes. Also, as Parsons shows with reference to three "historic" intermediate societies -- China, India, and Islamic Empires, and "seed-bed" Israel and Greece -- the method explodes the most significant historicist problem, that of variation among intermediate societies.

Parsons' succeeding volume (The System of Modern Societies) completes the demonstration of the method's potential in treating "modern" societes. (I am not sure functionalist theory serves as well in surfeit societies.)
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keylawk | 1 weitere Rezension | Oct 18, 2007 |
It begins by kicking dirt on the grave of Herbert Spencer, but moves on to interesting territory, making much of the difference (some of it seemingly alleged) between the utilitarian and voluntaristic theories of action. Major thinkers like Pareto, Marshall, and Weber discussed.

This edition is in two trade paperback volumnes.
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wirkman | 1 weitere Rezension | Jul 27, 2007 |
SUMÁRIO:

VOLUME I
(.)
[009] - Introdução à edição encadernada;
[021] - Prefácio à 2a, Edição;
[027] - Prefácio.
(.)
[031] - PARTE I - A Teoria Positivista da Ação:
[033] - 01 Capítulo Introdutório;
[078] - 02 A Teoria da Ação;
[128] - 03 Algumas fases do desenvolvimento histórico do positivismo individualista na Teoria da Ação.
(.)
[171] - PARTE II - O Surgimento de uma Teoria Voluntarista da Ação a partir da tradição positivista:
[173] - 04 Alfred Marshall: Necessidades e atividades e o problema do campo de ação da economia;
[229] - 05 Vilfredo Pareto, I: A Metodologia e o esquema analítico principal;
[274] - 06 Vilfredo Pareto, II: Expansão e verificação da análise estrutural;
[330] - 07 Vilfredo Pareto, III: Generalizações empíricas e conclusões;
[365] - 08 Émile Durkheim, I: Primeiros trabalhos empíricos,
[411] - 09 Émile Durkheim, II: A Metodologia do positivismo sociológico;
[448] - 10 Émile Durkheim, III: O Desenvolvimento da Teoria do Controle Social;
[484] - 11 Émile Durkheim, IV: A fase final: religião e epistemologia;
[531] - 12 Sumário da Parte II: O colapso da Teoria Positivista da Ação.
(.)
[553] - Bibliografia - Vol. I:
[565] - Índice analítico e onomástico - Vol. I;
[588] - Índice Geral - Vols. I.
(.)
VOLUME II
(.)
[601] - Introdução à edição encadernada;
[613] - Prefácio à 2a, Edição;
[619] - Prefácio.
(.)
[623] - PARTE III - A emergência de uma Teoria Voluntarista da Ação a partir da tradição Idealista:
[625] - 13 A tradição Idealista;
[656] - 14 Max Weber, I: A religião e o capitalismo moderno - A: Protestantismo e capitalismo;
[701] - 15 Max Weber, II: A religião e o capitalismo moderno - B: Os estudos comparativos;
[746] - 16 Max Weber, III: Metodologia;
[814] - 17 Max Weber, IV: Teoria Sistemática.
(.)
[877] - PARTE IV - Conclusão:
[879] - 18 Conclusões verificadas empiricamente;
[912] - 19 Implicações metodológicas experimentais.
(.)
[967] - Bibliografia - Vol. II;
[975] - Índice analítico e onomástico - Vol. II;
[996] - Índice Geral - Vols. II.
(.)
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SaraivaOrelio | 1 weitere Rezension | Apr 2, 2013 |

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