In this volume Mariátegui highlights the need for a new art, not limited to mere formal explorations and conquests, nor to describe reality through realistic aesthetic parameters of the revolutionary future. Mariátegui's work is a passionate defense of art, and especially surrealism, because of its ability to reveal hidden or usurped aspects of reality. As a writer he hoped to offer a new reading of reality, getting rid of the bastion of the bourgeoisie that does not want anyone questioning their way of representing the world.