Daniel J. Boorstin’s The Image: A Guide To Pseudo-Events In America shone a light on how information in the media reaches the public. He examined print, the electronic media, advertising, and public relations. Boorstin showed that much of what viewers read, see, and hear on the media are cleverly created. This information becomes pseudo-events because it’s staged by producers and directors. This happens with news, ideals, products, or in political campaigns. Consumers are therefore sold these images that are just false narratives. ( )

Sometimes it's interesting to read these books from the past, from a time when there were no women in the world - or at least, the only women were the ones who came around now and then to do something terribly frivolous to be mocked. Other than that, this is an interesting work, but at times it comes across more like the rant of a grouchy old man than a reasoned piece of work. It's difficult to have too much sympathy when he rails against literacy because people aren't reading the things he thinks they should read, or goes on an anti-modernism tirade, somehow believing that the pre-modern days were somehow superior. He is at his best when he talks about television and advertising; on those topics, there is a lot to agree with, though much of it has been rendered obsolete by our intensive use of social media; still, much of what he covers in here can be applied to social media, but only if you magnify it by several orders of magnitude. It is impossible to read this in 2017 without recognizing the trends that led to the election of a reality show television star who seems to believe that TV is more real than life itself. ( )

A great book - an accessible, down-home version of Jean Baudrillard and Guy Debord (whose key works it predates). Perhaps the best starting point for understanding modern American life. ( )

5 stars This book should be mandatory reading.

Boorstin, Librarian of Congress emeritus, is an outstanding social historian who defines pseudo-events as events created to promote. Generally, these events have no intrinsic newsworthiness. They are not spontaneous, they are usually arranged for the convenience of the media, their relationship to reality is ambiguous and they are intended to be self-fulfilling.

The news media hungers for anything to put in its pages. We are besieged with radio, TV, 24-hour news, magazines, newspapers, books, each requiring "information."
Events are now planned to occur at the best time for news broadcasts. It has become terribly important that something always be happening. Pseudo-events help fill the vacuum.

Boorstin is like the little boy who shouts, "the emperor has no clothes." He helps us to peel away the veneer, the false fronts.
McCarthy was an expert at creating reportable events that had "an ambiguous relationship to the underlying reality." He invented the morning news conference that announced an afternoon press conference. At the afternoon conference he would proclaim that a witness was not ready or could not be found. The headlines would trumpet, "Mystery witness sought!" Reporters loved him for supplying so much material. Even those who hated him became his best allies.

News has become a dramatic presentation. The president speaking "off-the-cuff" is now more newsworthy than the original prepared speech. It has become difficult to distinguish between the actual and the pseudo event. Organizations manipulate the media to create events all the while castigating the press for opinions on the editorial page.
Boorstin argues we now confuse fame with greatness. It is very easy to become famous. By confusing heroes with celebrities "we deny ourselves the role-models of heroes, truly great individuals."
The way we travel has also changed. It used to be people traveled to experience a different culture or way of life or language. Rarely did it not affect a person's view of the world. Now more and more people travel, yet are influenced less. We seek to re-create an environment similar to the one we left.

Boorstin cites digests as an example of how forms have dissolved, "the shadow has become the substance." Originally conceived to lead the reader to the original, they now exist as an end product; another step away from the actual experience. Reader's Digest has perfected the form to the point where articles are "planted" in magazines so they can be digested in its publication. By 1943, 60% of all its articles were abridgements of full-length articles commissioned for original publication elsewhere by Reader's Digest. The demand for digested articles was so great it had forced the creation of articles to meet the demand: a literary pseudo-event.

We are now engaged in a competition to create more credible images. The images have become more real than reality. We can persuade ourselves of our image. But we have lost sight of the need to create ideals.

This book was originally published in 1961. Ah, the more things change.…

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