Guido GozzanoRezensionen

Splendida raccolta che mi aiuta a scoprire, da assoluto profano, un autore così importante per la poesia italiana. L'attenzione, la malinconia, la sottile ironia - Gozzano è tutto questo.

Un italiano (nel senso di lingua) molto strano. Mi sembrava di essere ubriaco :-)
Particolare, ma non fa per me.

“Quando i polli ebbero i denti / e la neve cadde nera / (bimbi state bene attenti) / c’era allora, c’era… c’era…"

Il crepuscolare Guido Gozzano, oltre alle poesie, aveva anche la passione di scrivere fiabe che venivano poi pubblicate su uno dei giornali politici a più alta tiratura dell’epoca, “Il corriere dei piccoli”.
Non una novità per me il saperlo, ma il leggerle si, e devo dire che sono favole assolutamente deliziose.
Nelle sue favole Gozzano mette tutto il repertorio creato in questo campo da secoli di letteratura: principesse, incantesimi, fattucchiere, gnomi, re e regine, con tutto il seguito di insegnamenti morali da cui trarre beneficio, il tutto ingentilito e amalgamato dalla sua sapiente scrittura.
Una passione, quella delle favole, che sviluppò contestualmente alle sue raccolte poetiche e dove amava perdersi per dissimulare la malinconia presente nei suoi versi.
Un abile tessitore di trame fiabesche di notevole spessore che, innestandosi nella grande tradizione europea, seppe rinnovare anche un filone italiano non certo estraneo a questo tema.
Cose d’altri tempi che oggi trovano sempre meno spazio, strette nella morsa della sofisticata paccottiglia elettronica che impreziosisce la mente dei ragazzi odierni…

Ammalato di tisi, malattia comune a tanti artisti e poeti dell'ottocento, Gozzano accoglie i consigli di amici e conoscenti e parte alla ricerca di un clima più adatto alla salute, ma la scelta è assolutamente sbagliata: nel 1912 si reca in India dove trova umidità e caldo afoso. Gozzano rimane affascinato dalle architetture e dalla natura selvaggia, è colpito dalla presenza inglese e dall’anglomania, come egli la chiama, rimane turbato dai riti funebri Parsi che gli appaiono macabri. Ma dopo la curiosità iniziale, il poeta vacilla: dov'è l'india letta nei libri e immaginata? Nelle pagine del libro sembra quasi che l'India abbia la colpa di non essere come egli la immaginava. In secondo luogo, quel che colpisce è l'assoluta schiettezza nell'enorme incolmabile divario che egli avverte tra occidente e oriente: in India non ha senso il bagaglio culturale di un italiano ed è assurdo provare a confrontare le proprie radici con la cultura orientale, "Mi divide da essi una barriera più insuperabile del linguaggio - egli scrive - ed è lo spirito diverso, la fede opposta. L’occidentale, che ritorna in India, non riconosce più la sua cuna",

Carlo Calcaterra Alberto De MArchi

Guido Gozzano, was born in Turin in 1883, his father was a successful engineer and his mother was the daughter of Massimo Mautino, a Senator, patriot and supporter of Giuseppe Mazzini and Massimo D'Azeglio. Guido spent his life in Turin and in Agliè (in the Canavese area), where his family owned several buildings and a large estate: Villa Il Meleto. As a young man he read widely from Emile Zola to St Catherine of Siena, knew St Francis 0f Assisi’s Canticle of the sun by heart and also was well read in the works of Petrarch, Leopardi, da Vinci, Wilde & Goethe. As a young writer of poetry he started out heavily influenced by the writing of Gabriele D'Annunzio, publishing poetry in the Il venerdi della Contessa (The Fridays of the Contessa) in this style. Whilst studying law at Turin university, he became interested in the literature courses run by Arturo Graf, a professor, poet and short story writer. Graf, an exponent of rather dark, fantastic themes in literature (Il Diavolo, Trans: The Story of the Devil) whose writing style was the direct opposite of D’Annunzio’s, where D’Annunzio was full of bombast, Graf’s was simple. Graf would exhibit a major influence on Gozzano, by directing him “back to the sources" and to a thorough study of the poetry of Dante Alighieri and Francesco Petrarca, which helped refine his poetic sensibility, although his work would still to be flavoured by D’Annunzio, creating a strange hybrid of the exotic & mundane. He, together with a group of likeminded students, would form the The Crepuscolari (the poets of the Twilight) * whose work was a reaction against the content-poetry and rhetorical style of (Nobel Prize winning poet) Giosue Carducci and Gabriele D'Annunzio, preferring to write in a more direct unadorned style.

Gozzano swapped law for literature, associating with many writers/intellectuals of his day, reading the symbolist French poetry and studying the writings of Schopenhauer & Nietzsche, in 1907 his poetry collection La via del rifugio (Road to Shelter) was published and sold out in three months. At this time his health took a turn for the worse, a long time sufferer of tuberculosis this now reached a point where he was forced to travel to the mountains and seaside, having to wear an inhaler mask day and night. This, with his mother suffering a stroke, curtailed plans he had to to travel to America, Japan & Tierra del Fuego, although he did travel to India in 1912 with a fellow sufferer in the hope of better health (on return there was no improvement). He died in Turin (1916) at the age of thirty two, having published two of collections of poetry - La via del rifugio and I colloqui ("Conversations") which quickly became renown for their quietly perfect evocations of nature, melancholy, tenderness and nostalgia and on which his reputation in Italy is built.

Although during his lifetime he also wrote articles and short stories for several newspapers, the only book of prose published was Il tre talismani (The three talismans), a volume of children's fables, all his other work remained scattered in various places until they began to be collected and published posthumously. This has led to Guido Gozzano being known more for his poetry than his fiction in his homeland and outside Italy even that isn’t as well known as it should be.

Requiems & Nightmares, is a collection of his short stories that whilst showing the influence of writers such as Poe, Maupassant and Wilde, ably demonstrate why he was considered the finest representative of the Crepuscolari, as both a poet and a now hopefully as a short story writer. Tales such as The soul of the Instrument, a fabulous and haunting fairy tale described by the translators as “a Symbolist fairy tale after the manner of Lorrain and Wilde” or A Romantic Story, this melancholic tale has a charm that will win you over and then break your heart with its tragic beauty. Then there’s A Spiteful Day, which is the tale of an individual whose day is ruined by an insignificant event & now feels the need to spite others, this was a short, sharp and amusing tale of melancholia.

I recently exchanged comments with a fellow blogger concerning Poets who also write fiction, she was of the opinion that poets should stick to their art and not write fiction, Guido Gozzano’s tales are a perfect example of why I don’t personally follow that belief. His direct, deceptively simple prose style perfectly evoke the tragic, the melancholic. They have that absurdist sense of the tragic and encapsulate Baudelaire’s ideal

“Who among us has not dreamt, in moments of ambition, of the miracle of a poetic prose, musical without rhythm and rhyme, supple and staccato enough to adapt to the lyrical stirrings of the soul, the undulations of dreams, and sudden leaps of consciousness.”

http://parrishlantern.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/requiems-nightmares-selected-short....½