This report follows up on previous FAO/WHO work on pathogens in powdered infant formula, specifically addressing the risks posed by Enterobacter sakazakii in follow-up formula. Recently, E. sakazakii has been reclassified as 6 species in a new genus, Cronobacter, all species of which should considered pathogenic. While clarifying the information we have on the organism the reclassification does not require any change to the regulatory framework currently in place. This report provides a review of documented E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infections worldwide in infants and young children as well as the existing surveillance systems and their capacity to capture cases of E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infection. An overview of the available data on the production and consumption of follow-up formula as well as the immumne status of potential consumers is provided. In doing so the meeting sought to highlight the currently available data and how it contributes to our knowledge base and facilitates risk management decisions.